Sustainable heating alternatives for 1960's and 1970's renovated apartment buildings
نویسندگان
چکیده
The Finnish Government target of carbon neutrality by 2035 is challenging for the district heat (DH) systems cities, as nearly 50% DH fuels are still fossil or peat. price in cities rising intensively. To avoid energy poverty, it imperative to develop low-carbon solutions affordable all customers. feasibility various scenarios supplying a network investigated with three different renovation levels. Biomass combustion technologies (combined and power (CHP) only boiler (HOB)) waste recovery (Heat Pump Electric Boiler) analyzed. economic sensitivity analyses carried out from utility end-user viewpoints. operation cost break-even calculated HOB has lowest at levels followed heat-heat pump. Waste pump + electric total cost, 53–58 €/MWh, were found sensitive changes electricity price. overall emissions, whereas biomass causes high emissions biogenic CO2, NOx particulate matter.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cleaner environmental systems
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2666-7894']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100087